Second-order step response
G(s) = K wn^2 / (s^2 + 2 zeta wn s + wn^2), unit step input.
| Type | underdamped | wn = 4, zeta = 0.4 |
| Percentage overshoot | 25.4% | exp(-zeta pi / sqrt(1 - zeta^2)) |
| Peak time t_p | 0.8569 s | pi / wd |
| Settling time (2%) | 2.5 s | 4 / (zeta wn) |
| Settling time (5%) | 1.875 s | 3 / (zeta wn) |
| Rise time (10-90%) | 0.3675 s | from the curve |
| Damped frequency wd | 3.666 rad/s | wn sqrt(1 - zeta^2) |
| Poles | -1.6 + 3.666j, -1.6 - 3.666j | left half plane: stable |
Settling times use the usual envelope approximations, which are only good for zeta below about 0.7.