ENGR263 2017 Q A2Past paperOld spec ENGR2632:125 marks30 min

ENGR263 Process of Mass and Heat Transfers 2017 Section A Q A2[VALID] official answers

Answer ALL parts (a) - (b).

Formulas you may need
  • Diffusion through a stagnant gas: NA=cDABδln⁡1−yA21−yA1=PDABRTδ pA1−pA2pB,lmN_A = \dfrac{cD_{AB}}{\delta}\ln\dfrac{1 - y_{A2}}{1 - y_{A1}} = \dfrac{PD_{AB}}{RT\delta}\,\dfrac{p_{A1} - p_{A2}}{p_{B,lm}}, c=P/(RT)c = P/(RT) (on the formula sheet)
  • Multicomponent stagnant mixture: 1DA,mix=∑j≠Ayj′DAj\dfrac{1}{D_{A,mix}} = \sum_{j \ne A}\dfrac{y'_j}{D_{Aj}}, yj′=yj∑j≠Ayjy'_j = \dfrac{y_j}{\sum_{j \ne A} y_j} (on the formula sheet; also given in the question)
  • Sherwood number Sh=kcdDAB\mathrm{Sh} = \dfrac{k_cd}{D_{AB}} (on the formula sheet; also given in the question)
  • Radial diffusion from a sphere: WA=4πr2NA=−4πr2DABdcAdr=constantW_A = 4\pi r^2N_A = -4\pi r^2 D_{AB}\dfrac{dc_A}{dr} = \text{constant} (on the formula sheet)
  1. (a(i))
    What is the difference between the diffusivity or diffusion coefficient (m2 s−1\mathrm{m^2\,s^{-1}}) and the mass transfer coefficient?
    [3]Third
  2. (a(ii))
    Prove that for equimolecular counter diffusion from a sphere to a surrounding stationary infinite medium, the Sherwood number based on the diameter dd of the sphere is equal to 2. (Data: the Sherwood number is defined as Sh=kcd/DAB\mathrm{Sh} = k_cd/D_{AB}, where kck_c is the mass transfer coefficient based on concentration (m s−1\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}) and DABD_{AB} is the diffusivity of component A in the medium B (m2 s−1\mathrm{m^2\,s^{-1}}).)
    [5]
  3. (b(i))
    Ammonia gas is diffusing at a constant rate through a layer of 1 mm thickness of stagnant air. Conditions are fixed so that the gas contains 50 % by volume of ammonia at one boundary of the stagnant layer. The ammonia diffusing to the other boundary is quickly absorbed and the concentration is then negligible. The temperature is 295 K and the pressure is atmospheric, and under these conditions the diffusivity of ammonia in air is 0.18 cm2 s−10.18\ \mathrm{cm^2\,s^{-1}}. Calculate the flux of mass transfer of ammonia (mol m−2 s−1\mathrm{mol\,m^{-2}\,s^{-1}}).
    [9]2:2
  4. (b(ii))
    Assuming that the non-diffusing gas (air) is replaced by a mixture of methane (B) and hydrogen (C) in volume ratio 2:1, re-calculate the flux of mass transfer of ammonia, if the diffusivity of ammonia in methane and the diffusivity of ammonia in hydrogen are 0.184 cm2 s−10.184\ \mathrm{cm^2\,s^{-1}} and 0.690 cm2 s−10.690\ \mathrm{cm^2\,s^{-1}}, respectively. (Data: the diffusivity of a component ii in a multicomponent mixture follows the Stefan-Maxwell model Di,mix=1/∑j≠i(yj′/Dij)D_{i,mix} = 1/\sum_{j \ne i} (y'_j/D_{ij}), yj′=yj/∑j≠iyjy'_j = y_j/\sum_{j \ne i} y_j.)
    [8]2:2